CANADA HISTORY - Documents

Laurier - Speech before the House of Commons, March 13, 1900

Analysis of the Document - (The Document follows below the Analysis)

On March 13, 1900, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, then Prime Minister of Canada, delivered a significant speech before the House of Commons addressing Canada’s involvement in the South African War (also known as the Second Boer War). This conflict, which pitted the British Empire against the Boer republics in South Africa, represented Canada’s first substantial overseas military involvement, and Laurier’s speech was a measured and thoughtful response to the controversial decision to send Canadian troops into a war that was far from home and deeply divisive within the country.

Laurier’s speech acknowledged the delicate political context surrounding Canada’s participation in the war. He emphasized the principles of voluntary enlistment and framed Canada’s contribution as a necessary measure to support the British Empire, of which Canada was an integral part. Yet Laurier's approach was cautious; he sought to balance the strong imperialist sentiment among English-speaking Canadians with the widespread anti-imperialist views held by French Canadians, many of whom, particularly in Quebec, opposed the war and saw it as a purely imperial conflict with little relevance to Canada.

Laurier made it clear that Canada’s involvement would be limited to voluntary contributions, and he resisted calls for mandatory conscription. He underscored that the war was not of Canada’s making, and therefore it would not demand the same level of sacrifice as it might for Britain itself. Laurier’s speech deftly navigated the domestic divisions in Canada by highlighting the importance of national unity. His rhetoric aimed to ensure that Canada could contribute to the war effort while maintaining internal peace and cohesion.

The implications of this speech were profound. It marked a pivotal moment in Canada’s military history, as it was the first time that Canadian forces were deployed in an overseas imperial conflict. The war served as a catalyst for the development of Canada’s military identity, moving the country from a purely defensive posture to one that could contribute meaningfully to imperial conflicts abroad. Laurier’s leadership in this instance, though criticized by both imperialists and anti-imperialists, was essential in shaping Canada’s foreign policy and its role within the British Empire.

Moreover, the speech reflected the growing tensions within Canada between its imperial ties to Britain and its evolving national identity. While Laurier supported Canada’s participation in the war, his measured and restrained approach signaled the beginning of a more independent Canadian stance in global affairs—one that balanced loyalty to the British Empire with the need to reflect the country’s diverse domestic constituencies. This balancing act would continue to define Canadian foreign policy throughout the 20th century, particularly as Canada sought to assert itself more independently on the world stage.

The long-term effects of Laurier’s decision to support the South African War, and the way he framed it in his speech, were significant. The participation of Canadian troops in the war boosted national pride, particularly among English Canadians, and helped solidify Canada’s standing as a contributing member of the British Empire. However, the decision also deepened the divide between English and French Canadians, as many in Quebec saw the war as an imperial endeavor that did not serve Canadian interests. This division would resurface in future conflicts, most notably during the conscription crises of the First and Second World Wars.

In conclusion, Sir Wilfrid Laurier’s speech on March 13, 1900, addressing the South African War was a critical moment in Canadian political and military history. It encapsulated the complex relationship between Canada and the British Empire, as well as the internal divisions within Canada itself. Laurier’s careful and pragmatic approach to the war effort ensured that Canada would make a meaningful contribution to the empire while maintaining national unity. The speech also foreshadowed Canada’s gradual emergence as a more autonomous player in global affairs, setting the stage for the country’s evolving identity as a nation within, but distinct from, the British Empire.


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The PRIME MINISTER (Sir Wilfrid Laurier): Mr. Speaker, I have listened to every word uttered by my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) with very deep and close attention, an attention all the closer, all the deeper, and having known my hon. friend for many years, almost since his infancy, being an admirer of his brilliant talents, entertaining for him a warm personal friendship, I feel, all the more keenly, the regret of having to differ from him. My hon. friend is young and enthusiastic; he is at that age, that happy age, where the pride of cherished theories far outweighs, and indeed usually makes light of all considerations of practical reality. But, I may be permitted to observe to my hon. friend, at once, that, since his object was to vindicate those constitutional principles which, in his opinion, should have guided and inspired the government when they came to the conclusion that it was their duty to send a military contingent to Africa, it would have been far more in accordance with the fitness of things that he should have moved his amendment either upon the address, when the whole subject was debated at length, or, upon the motion presented to the House by the hon. Minister of Finance (Mr. Fielding), in order to make good the expenditure incurred for that object. Then, my hon. friend, would have presented to this House a real and live issue, a concrete motion which could have been discussed and debated, affirmed or denied, or amended to some practical purpose; whereas, he now offers us, not a practical motion, but an academic, abstract and rigid motion which can be debated, which can be affirmed or denied, but, which cannot be amended and which, by the rules of this House, has either to be swallowed whole or rejected whole. My hon. friend, in the course of his very able and eloquent speech has taken the House into his confidence as to the relations which have existed between him and me upon this subject. He has informed the House, and truly informed the House, that he was not present when I offered the motion to the House, I think, on the 31st of July, or the 1st of August last, of sympathy with the Uitlanders, and he has said that if he had been present in the House at that time he would have opposed the motion. He has informed the House also, that, at that time, and later on, he repeatedly warned me that if we were to incur any military expenditure he would oppose all such action of the government. My hon. friend will permit me to say that I have always respected his convictions, that although I differ from his views, I have too much of respect, and I may say without hesitation, of admiration for him not to allow him the full liberty which he claimed. My hon. friend informed me more than once that he wanted to move an amendment to the policy of the government in order to affirm his convictions. The hon. gentleman will agree with me if I go a little farther in the confidence to which he has invited the House, and if I say that I represented to my hon. friend, that, if he felt bound in the discharge of the duty which he owed to himself to bring in an amendment, he should more properly do it either upon the address, or upon the resolutions of the hon. Minister of Finance, because, if my hon. friend had offered his motion upon the address, or upon the motion of the hon. Minister of Finance, that motion, then, might have been subject to the amendment. I do not find fault with the principles involved in the motion of my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa). I am not prepared, however, to accept the whole language of it. Neither am I prepared to accept the opportunity of it, and if my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) had moved his motion as I suggested to him, as an amendment to the address, or as an amendment to the resolution providing for the South African expenditure, it would have been possible for me to have offered an amendment to his amendment, embodying the principle invoked by him, but embodying them in my own language, or in language which would have been more suited to the House; in language less harsh, if my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) will permit me to say so; in language which, I believe, would have rallied around the amendment the unanimous opinion of this House. My hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) in the exercise of his own judgment and in the exercise of his right, chose, on the contrary, to select his own language and to import into the House his resolution in the manner in which he has. The hon. gentleman must not be surprised, that although I agree with him in many things, I must tell him at once that I cannot adopt his motion. If I have come to this conclusion, it is not because I find fault with the principles enunciated in this amendment, but I challenge altogether the opportunity or the raison d'être of this motion. It is not sufficient that the principles involved in a motion submitted to the House, should be incontrovertible for the House to adopt that motion. There must be the opportunity, and the raison d'être for it. If my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa), or any member of this House, were to propose as an amendment to the motion to go into committee of supply, that two and two make four, or that there are twelve months in the year, or that it is the duty of a good Christian to observe the ten commandments, no one would be disposed to controvert any of these propositions, but no one would feel disposed, on the other hand, to place any of these propositions on the records of the House. The reason why I feel bound to oppose the amendment is not so much because of the terms of the motion itself as because of the arguments with which he has supported it. My hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) asserted in his argument that because of the action the government took, we have practically violated the terms which the constitution lays down. Let me repeat to the House the first proposition set forth by the hon. gentleman in his motion:

That this House insists on the principle of the sovereignty and the independence of parliament as the basis of British institutions and the safeguard of the civil and political liberties of British citizens, and refuses consequently to consider the action of the government in relation to the South African war as a precedent which should commit this country to any action in the future.

Sir, when we determined to send the first military contingent to Africa, we passed an order in council, in which we stated that we did not intend our action to be construed as a precedent. We were, in so doing, abundantly cautious. We were not bound to make any such declaration, because I contend, against the argument of my hon. friend, that in the action which we took, we did not violate the independence of parliament, nor did we not violate any principle of the British constitution. The whole argument upon which he has based this motion, and the principle which he has there laid down, that by our act and by our conduct we have violated the principles of the British constitution, is founded on the basis that we incurred this expenditure before we had obtained the sanction of parliament. Now, Sir, I am prepared here and now to take issue with my hon. friend upon this very point. I am prepared to state now that this course which we adopted and as to which we declared we would not make it a precedent, was a course well within the understood terms of the British constitution. Let me call the attention of the House and of my hon. friend to the standard authority upon these matters. I am proud to say that that standard authority is a Canadian, the late Mr. Alpheus Todd. His work is acknowledged as being the work par excellence which truly lays down the doctrine of parliamentary government in England. I call the attention of my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) to page 15 of the second volume of the last edition of Todd. After having laid down the well known elementary principle that no expenditure is to be incurred unless with the previous sanction of parliament, he goes on to say that there are several exceptions, and this is the language to which I call the attention of the hon. gentleman:

It is therefore erroneous to suppose that the government can be absolutely prevented from any misapplication or expenditure in excess of the parliamentary grants.

Here is however the main point:

It is therefore erroneous to suppose that the government can be absolutely prevented from any misapplication or expenditure in excess of the parliamentary grants. Even were it possible to do so, it would not be politic to restrain the government from expending money, under any circumstances, without the previous authority of parliament. In the words of Mr. Macaulay (secretary to the board of audit), cases may constantly arise, in so complicated a system of government as ours, where it becomes the duty of the executive authorities, in the exercise of their discretionary powers, boldly to set aside the requirements of the legislature, trusting to the good sense of parliament, when all the facts of the case shall have been explained, to acquit them of all blame; and it would be, not a public advantage but a public calamity, if the government were to be deprived of the means of so exercising their "discretionary authority." To the same effect, we have a declaration by a committee of the House of Commons that "in special emergencies expenditure unauthorized by parliament becomes absolutely essential. In all such cases the executive must take the responsibility of sanctioning whatever immediate urgency requires; and it has never been found that parliament exhibited any reluctance to supply the means of meeting such expenditure."

Here is the law well recognized in England, here is the principle laid down, together with a series of precedents to that effect. Todd quotes several precedents, but I will content myself with two. The first one is:

At the commencement of the French revolutionary war, Mr. Pitt advanced enormous sums, amounting to upwards of £1,200,000 to the Emperor of Germany, to aid in the defence of the general interests of Europe, without the previous sanction of parliament. Upon the attention of the House of Commons being directed to this affair, it was proposed to pass a vote of censure on the minister, but his friends interposed, and induced the House to agree to an amendment, declaring that the proceeding in question, though not to be drawn into precedent, but upon occasion of special necessity, was, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, a justifiable and proper exercise of the discretion vested in His Majesty's ministers by a former vote of credit.

But, my hon. friend (Mr. Bourassa) may say, that there had been a vote of credit to carry on the war and that the vote had only been exceeded. Well, the principle is the same. Let me call attention to another case which occurred in 1867, and which is quoted by Todd:

On February 18, 1867, the Chancellor of the Exchequer proposed a vote of £45,721 to defray the cost of buying the Blacas collection of coins and antiquities for the British Museum. Ministers had, in the previous autumn, assumed the responsibility of this purchase, in order to secure this unique and valuable collection for the nation. Under the circumstances, the vote was agreed to without opposition.

I could also call attention to another very remarkable precedent. I could point to the government of Mr. Disraeli purchasing the whole stock of the Khedive in the Suez Canal, and doing this without the authority or the vote of parliament. Mr. Disraeli's action was approved by the British parliament at the following session. Now, Sir, there were British Liberals in these days in the Imperial parliament, and there are British Liberals to-day in this parliament also. There were Liberals who had not the label on their breasts and the badge on their necks, but the principle in their hearts, just as much as any Liberals have them to-day. There was Fox in the time of Pitt, and Gladstone and Bright in the time of Disraeli, who held that parliament could sanction the expenditure of money by the government in certain emergencies. It is true that in circumstances of that kind the government has to take a very great risk in its hands and upon its shoulders: it has to take the risk of the approval of its course by parliament. In the matter in question, had we not ample justification for believing that our course would be ratified by parliament? As soon as parliament met, we submitted our action to it; we laid before it everything that we had done. Our action stood the fire of a long discussion, and the principle of it was approved unanimously by this House. The resolution introduced by my hon. friend the Finance Minister to cover the expenditure incurred in sending the contingents to Africa, has received the unanimous sanction of this House. What avails it, then, to say to-day that we had not behind us the force of public opinion, that we were not to be guided solely by the voice of the press? Public opinion has more than one means of expressing itself. There is not only the press, but there is what is heard on the street and in private conversation, and what one can feel in the air. We knew that public opinion was with us. It is true that my hon. friend has stated on another occasion, I believe, that it is a weak thing to be guided by public opinion. Well, Sir, if public opinion were to ask something against one's honour or one's sense of right, or, one's sense of dignity, it would be a weak thing indeed to follow public opinion; but if the voice of the people asks for a thing that is right and honourable, how would it then be a weak thing to follow the voice of public opinion? Under such circumstances, it would be a wicked and a criminal thing not to follow the voice of public opinion. I put this question to my hon. friend: what would be the condition of this country to-day if we had refused to obey the voice of public opinion?

Some hon. MEMBERS: Hear, hear.

The PRIME MINISTER: It is only too true, Sir, that if we had refused at that time to do what was in my judgment our imperative duty, a most dangerous agitation would have arisen -- an agitation which according to all human probability would have ended in a cleavage in the population of this country upon racial lines. A greater calamity could never take place in Canada. My hon. friend and I have long been on terms of intimacy. He has long been a political friend and supporter of mine. He knows as well as any man in this House knows that if there is anything to which I have given my political life, it is to try to promote unity, harmony and amity between the diverse elements of this country. My friends can desert me, they can remove their confidence from me, they can withdraw the trust which they have placed in my hands; but never shall I deviate from that line of policy. Whatever may be the consequences, whether loss of prestige, loss of popularity, or loss of power, I feel that I am in the right, and I know that a time will come when every man, my hon. friend himself included, will render me full justice on that score. But, Sir, I understand much better now than I did before what is the reason which has impelled my hon. friend to take the position which he has taken. My hon. friend is opposed to the war ; he thinks it is unjust. I do not blame him for holding this view. We are a British country and a free country, and every man in it has the right to express his opinion. My hon. friend has the same right to believe that the war is unjust that Mr. John Morley, Mr. Courtney and many other Liberals in England have to hold the same belief. But if my hon. friend is of the opinion that the war is unjust, for my part I am just as fully convinced in my heart and conscience that there never was a juster war on the part of England than that war. I am fully convinced that there never was a more unjust war on the part of any man than the war that is now being carried on by President Kruger and the people of the Transvaal. I have not the slightest hesitation in saying this. For President Kruger personally I have the most unbounded admiration. He is a stern patriot, and that he believes himself to be in the right I do not question; but if you examine his conduct and his policy in the light of what is already history, you cannot but come to the conclusion that in this matter he has been the worst enemy of his own country. What are the facts with regard to that? It is just as well that we should have it out as I have it on my own mind. It is easy to understand the position taken by President Kruger. The whole ground of the dispute has been that President Kruger has refused to give the Uitlanders the right of suffrage -- political and civil rights. He seems to believe that if he gives the right of suffrage to the Uitlanders, they will outland him. But, Sir, President Kruger is not in a position to maintain that argument. He opened this country to a foreign population; he sold them lands and took their money; more than that, he invited them to his territory. Even if he had not invited them, he virtually agreed to adopt the same policy that has been adopted by the American nation and by the Canadian nation as well. At the opening of this century, the American people opened their vast territory to all the nations of the earth, and granted citizenship to all who came, giving them perfect and absolute equality with themselves. We in Canada for the last forty years have been doing the same thing. We have opened our country to the immigrants of the world, we have invited them to come, and as soon as they come by conforming to the laws they obtain full citizenship, and every right we ourselves enjoy we cheerfully give to them. Well, Sir, was it not fair and right, and is it not the rule of the civilization of the nineteenth century, that if a young nation opens its doors to foreign immigration, an implied obligation rests upon that nation to give to the immigrants the same rights of citizenship which its own people enjoy? There is more. On this occasion, I assert without hesitation that President Kruger himself invited the foreign element into the Transvaal. Let me quote from a book published some time ago by Mr. Fitzpatrick and entitled, "The Transvaal From Within." It is a strongly partisan book, I admit, but here is a statement which I have never seen contradicted anywhere. At page 57, Mr. Fitzpatrick says:

In 1884, Messrs. Kruger and Smit proceeded to Europe to endeavour to raise funds, which were badly needed, and also to obtain some modifications of the convention. The attempt to raise funds through the parties in Holland to whom the railway concession had just been granted failed, but the delegates were more fortunate in their other negotiations. They negotiated the London convention, which fixed certain hitherto undefined boundaries; and in that document no reference was made to the suzerainty of Great Britain. They also secured the consent of the British government to the alteration of the title of the country. Instead of the Transvaal State it became once more the "South African Republic." During this visit there occurred an incident which provides the answer to Mr. Kruger's oft-too oft-repeated remark that "the Uitlanders were never asked to settle in the Transvaal, and are not wanted there." Messrs. Kruger and Smit were staying at the Albermarle Hotel, where they found themselves, after some weeks delay, in the uncomfortable position of being unable to pay their hotel bill. In their extremity they applied to one Baron Grant, at that time a bright particular star in the stock exchange firmament. Baron Grant was largely interested in the gold concessions of Lydenburg, and he was willing to assist, but on terms. And the quid pro quo which he asked was some public assurance of good-will, protection and encouragement to British settlers in the Transvaal, Mr. Kruger responded on behalf of the republic by publishing in the London press the cordial invitation and welcome and the promise of rights and protection to all who would come, so frequently quoted against him of late.

I have never seen this contradicted, and I ask, in the face of this invitation by President Kruger, could there be any justification for the policy afterwards adopted by him of refusing these peoples who had come to the Transvaal at his invitation, the right of suffrage and practically making helots of them.[sic]

I am not going into the particulars of the policy of the Transvaal Republic, but let me give a single circumstance which is to be found in the last Statesmen's Year Book. The policy of the population of the Transvaal is 245,397 souls, and the revenue exacted from that population is £4,480,218 stirling, or $24,401,000 -- very nearly $100 of taxation per head. Let me compare this with the taxation of the very foremost nations of the world -- England, France and the United States. The taxation of the United State is about $7 or $8 per head, of England about $12 per head, and of France about $20 per head. But in the Transvaal, the population is taxed to the tune of $100 per head, the bulk of which is borne by the Uitlanders. That population has to bear almost the whole of that taxation, and yet is denied every vestige of representation. That being the case, we must admit that the quarrel of England was just when she insisted that her British subjects in the Transvaal should at least have the rights of citizenship when willing to submit to the laws. I believe that her quarrel was just, and public opinion in this country being anxious that we should take part in the war, we thought it our duty to satisfy public opinion by sending our military contingent, relying confidently upon parliament ratifying our course.

My hon. friend has submitted a second proposition. It is this:

That this House further declares that it opposes any change in the political and military relations which exist at present between Canada and Great Britain, unless such change is initiated by the sovereign will of parliament and sanctioned by the people of Canada. I have nothing to say against that proposition. If the relations between Great Britain and Canada are to be changed, they can only be changed by the will and with the consent of the people. I am not going to say that the will of the people should be ascertained by a plebiscite, for I believe the well known methods of the British constitution are more appropriate.

But the argument of my hon. friend is that by taking the position we did, we have changed the relations, civil and military, which now exist between Great Britain and Canada. I altogether repudiate that doctrine, and I cannot conceive upon what argument it can be based. I listened carefully to my hon. friend, and I admired him in many ways, but I did not understand the argument upon which he based his doctrine that by sending a military contingent to South Africa, we have changed the political relations existing between Great Britain and Canada. He went further. He asserted, and still more insinuated than asserted, that in doing what we did, we had been dictated to by Downing Street, that we had been compelled to act by the strong hand of Mr. Chamberlain. He rather insinuated also that in passing the resolution we passed last session, expressing our sympathy with the Uitlanders, we were rather coerced by the will of Mr. Chamberlain. He rather insinuated that the resolution which we then introduced had been framed by an agent of Mr. Chamberlain. Well, Sir, the fact is that nobody saw that resolution except the hon. leader of the opposition, who received it from me after it had been adopted by Council.

My hon. friend also said that as far back as July last when we introduced that resolution, Mr. Chamberlain was preparing for war. Now, I ask my hon. friend how he can utter such language in the face of events well known. Why, it will be to the eternal glory of England that war found her absolutely unprepared. Mr. Kruger had been preparing for years for war, buying ammunition and artillery, accumulating provisions, importing European officers, and drilling his people; and when the time came when he thought he was ready he issued his insolent ultimatum, calling upon England to give up her possessions in South Africa, England was found absolutely unprepared. She had hardly a few thousand men in the land, and consequently had to submit to the humiliation of successive defeats. I ask how is it possible, in face of such a condition of things, to say that Mr. Chamberlain had been preparing for war?

No, Sir, we were not forced by England, we were not forced by Mr. Chamberlain or by Downing Street, and I cannot conceive what my hon. friend meant when he said that the future of this country was not to be pledged by this government. When and where did we pledge the future of this country? We acted in the full independence of our sovereign power. What we did, we did of our own free will, but I am not to answer for the consequences or for what will take place In the future. My hon. friend says the consequence is that we will be called on to take part in other wars. I have only this to answer to my hon. friend, that if it should be the will of the people of Canada, at any future period to take part in any war of England, the people of Canada will have to have their way. Let me repeat to my hon. friend the maxim which he quoted this afternoon as embodying his views of freedom and which he took from the despatch of Lord Grey to Lord Elgin: "It must be remembered that the government of the British Colonies in North America cannot be carried on in opposition to the will of the people." That was the doctrine in 1847, it holds good in 1900, and will be the language of freedom used so long as we have free parliamentary institutions in Canada.

But I have no hesitation in saying to my hon. friend that if as a consequence of our action to-day, the doctrine were to be admitted that Canada should take part in all the wars of Great Britain and contribute to the military expenditure of the empire, I agree with him that we should revise the conditions of things existing between us and Great Britain. If we were to be compelled to take part in all the wars of Great Britain, I have no hesitation in saying that I agree with my hon. friend that sharing the burden, we should also share the responsibility. Under that condition of things, which does not exist, we should have the right to say to Great Britain: If you want us to help you, call us to your councils; if you want us to take part in wars let us share not only the burdens but the responsibilities and duties as well. But there is no occasion to examine this contingency this day. My hon. friend forgets one thing which is essential to this discussion, that we did not use our powers as a government to go into that war. We have a Militia Act in this country, we have a force composed of the standing militia and of volunteers. We did not call upon the standing militia or upon volunteers; we compelled no man to go to South Africa. We did not do what we did in 1885, when we had to put down the rebellion in the North-west. Then, we used the power vested in us by the law. The government called for volunteers and the volunteers were forced to go. They went willingly, of course, but if they had not gone willingly they would have been com- pelled by their oath to obey the command of the government. But in this case we did nothing of that kind. We simply provided the machinery and expenses for the two thousand young men who wanted to go and give their lives for the honour of their country and,the flag they love. My hon. friend found fault with us this afternoon, because instead of sending five hundred we sent two thousand. Again I ask my hon. friend, what would be the condition of Canada if we had denied to those young men who wanted to serve their Queen in South Africa this privilege that they claimed from us ? If we had said: Only five hundred of you shall go, what would have been the condition of this country to-day? And, did we do any thing wrong after all, and can my hon. friend complain of our action when we simply put it in the power of these young men who wanted to go and give their lives in order to promote what was to them a sacred cause, to go to the front. Mr. Speaker, it seems to me that if ever there was an occasion when we should have no voice of dissent in this House, it is the present occasion.

I greatly admired the speech of my hon. friend, though I am far from sharing his views. But I call upon him to remember that he belongs to a patriotic family, as he said to us to-day; I call upon him to remember that the liberties which we enjoy are largely due to his own family. But if we have liberties on one side, would he not accept some duties on the other side? Would he not accept some obligations on the other side? Shall the sacrifice be all on the one side and none on the other, the obligation all on one side and none on the other? We were not compelled to do what we did; but if we chose to be generous, to do a little more than we were bound to do, where is the man living who would find fault with us for that action?

My hon. friend dreads the consequences of our action in sending out a military contingent to South Africa. Let me tell him from the bottom of my heart that my bosom is full of the hopes I entertain of the beneficial results which will accrue from that action. When our young volunteers sailed from our shores to join the British army in South Africa, great were our expectations that they would display on those distant battlefields the same courage which bad been displayed by their fathers when fighting against one another in the last century. Perhaps in more than one breast, there was a fugitive sense of uneasiness at the thought that the first facing of musketry by raw recruits is always a severe trial. But when the telegraph brought us the information that such was the good impression made by our volunteers that the commander in chief had placed them at the post of honour, in the first rank, side by side with that famous corps, the Gordon Highlanders; when we heard that they had justified fully the con- fidence placed in them, that they had charged like veterans, that their conduct was heroic and had won for them the encomiums of the commander in chief and the unstinted admiration of their comrades of those famous troops, who had faced death upon a hundred battlefields in all parts of the world -- is there a man whose bosom did not swell with pride, the noblest of all pride, the pride of pure patriotism, the pride of the consciousness of our rising strength, the pride of the consciousness that that day the fact had been revealed to the world that a new power had arisen in the west.

Nor is that all. The work of union and harmony between the different elements of this country is not yet complete. We know by the unfortunate occurrences that took place only last week that there is much yet to do in that way. But there is no bond of union so strong as the bond created by dangers shared in common. To-day there are men in South Africa representing the two branches of the Canadian family, fighting side by side for the honour of Canada. Already some of them have fallen, giving to the glory of their country the last full measure of devotion. Their dead bodies have been laid in the same grave, there to rest to the end of time in that last fraternal embrace. Can we not hope -- I ask my hon. friend himself -- that in that grave shall be buried the last vestiges of our former antagonism? If such shall be the result, if we can indulge that hope, if we can believe that in that grave shall be for ever buried all our past divisions, the sending of the contingents would be the greatest service ever rendered to Canada since confederation. These are the motives, which guided us; these are the thoughts which inspired us; they ought to commend the heart and mind of my hon. friend, knowing him as I know him, and in my judgment, they should induce him not to press further this motion.


Cite Article : www.canadahistory.com/sections/documents

Source: Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Debates of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada. 8th Parliament, 5th Session. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 1900. Pages 1837-1848.



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